Social Dialogue during the Financial and Economic Crisis: Results from the ILO/World Bank Inventory Using a Boolean Analysis on 44 Countries

Using information collected by the ILO/WB Inventory of policy responses to the financial and economic crisis on 44 countries, this paper identified conditions under which there was a social dialogue response to the financial crisis between 2008 and 2010. For that purpose, they use a particular definition of social dialogue, e.g. the emergence of tripartite nationallevel agreements or major agreements at the sector level; and rely on a Boolean analysis, e.g. a statistical method to detect relationships between variables, for example between answers to a questionnaire. Based on this definition, 13 out of 44 countries adopted national level agreement or major sector level agreement in formulating their crisis response, including seven in Europe, three in Americas, two in Asia, and one in Africa. Explanatory factors for the emergence of social dialogue include freedom of association, the severity of the crisis, and the strength of trade unions.Preface 1. Introduction 2. The evolution of national social dialogue in recent years 3. Coding the dependent variable 4. Coding the independent variables Tripartite legacy Serious crisis Union Strength Freedom of Association 5. Boolean analysis 6. Dealing with limited diversity 7. Country experiences Germany Switzerland Ireland Spain Czech Republic Hungary Brazil South Africa Japan Korea 8. Concluding remarks Reference

Operationalizing Growth Models

We present a new methodology for operationalizing growth models based on import-adjusted demand components. Applying the methodology to the latest release of OECD Input-Output Tables, we calculate the growth contributions of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and exports for sixty-six countries in the periods 1995 to 2007 and 2009 to 2018 and identify the respective growth models. We find that most countries are export-led or domestic demand-led and that other forms of growth are rare. Our results corroborate previous classifications in comparative political economy but also differ from them in significant respects. Importantly, our classification improves on previous ones by covering not just the advanced capitalist economies but also Central and Eastern European and South-East Asian and Latin American countries. In a further step, we illustrate how the new indicators can be used to analyze the “drivers” of different types of growth. This examination reveals that there is a clear trade-off between consumption- and export-led growth in advanced Western economies in the period 1995 to 2007 and a dependence of export-led growth in these countries on real exchange rate devaluation in the same period, while export complexity is not a significant predictor of export-led growth.Wir stellen eine neue Methode zur Operationalisierung von Wachstumsmodellen auf der Grundlage importbereinigter Nachfragekomponenten vor. Dabei berechnen wir anhand der aktuellen Input-Output-Tabellen der OECD den jeweiligen Wachstumsbeitrag von Konsum, Investitionen, Staatsausgaben und Exporten für 66 Länder in den Zeiträumen 1995–2007 und 2009–2018 und ermitteln die entsprechenden Wachstumsmodelle. Es zeigt sich, dass die meisten Länder ein vom Export oder von der Inlandsnachfrage getragenes Wachstum aufweisen und andere Wachstumsformen selten sind. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen bisherige Klassifikationen der Vergleichenden Politischen Ökonomie und unterscheiden sich gleichzeitig in wesentlichen Punkten von ihnen. Vor allem hat unsere Klassifikation im Vergleich zu bisherigen den Vorteil, dass sie sich nicht nur auf die fortgeschrittenen kapitalistischen Wirtschaftsordnungen, sondern auch auf Länder in Mittel- und Osteuropa und in Südostasien und Lateinamerika bezieht. Darüber hinaus erläutern wir, wie die neuen Indikatoren genutzt werden können, um die „Treiber“ verschiedener Wachstumsformen zu ermitteln. Unsere Auswertung der Daten legt offen, dass es in fortgeschrittenen westlichen Volkswirtschaften im Zeitraum 1995–2007 klare Zielkonflikte zwischen konsum- und exportorientiertem Wachstum und eine Abhängigkeit des exportorientierten Wachstums von realen Wechselkursabwertungen gegeben hat, während die Komplexität der Exporte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das exportorientierte Wachstum hatte.Contents 1 Introduction 2 The literature on growth model classification and operationalization 3 Problems with traditional growth decomposition 4 Methodology for deriving import-adjusted demand components 5 The OECD Input-Output Tables 6 Demand contributions to growth 7 Analysis of growth drivers Trade-offs between demand components Drivers of export-led growth 8 Concluding discussion Appendix A Derivation of indirect imports through input-output tables Appendix B Auxiliary variables and structural determinants of growth Appendix C Additional figures and tables Reference

Radiation and magnetic field effects on new semiconductor power devices for HL-LHC experiments

The radiation hardness of commercial Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride power MOSFETs is presented in this paper, for Total Ionizing Dose effects and Single Event Effects, under gamma, neutrons, protons and heavy ions. Similar tests are discussed for commercial DC-DC converters, also tested in operation under magnetic field

Quality control facilities for large optical reflectors at ENEA-Casaccia for physics application

The paper describes the quality control facilities for large optical reflectors available at ENEA-Casaccia. Commercial and custom spectrophotometers allow to measure the reflectance; specular and diffused for flat samples, and specular for the full-size reflector. In the case of spherical shape, the 2f and the pin-hole optical tests give a quick evaluation of the focusing effectiveness and the curvature uniformity, respectively. An optical profilometer allows to accurately measure the reflector profile and its deviations from the project specifications

Caracterização de lesões de pele em imagens digitais a partir da máquina de vetor de suporte

Este trabalho apresenta um método para a caracterização das lesões de pele, a partir das características da regra ABCD (assimetria, borda, cor e diâmetro) e análise de textura. As características ABCD são obtidas de acordo com o dermatologista e a textura das imagens é definida pela sua dimensão fractal, por meio do método box-counting. As características de assimetria e textura extraídas das imagens são utilizadas como entradas para o classificador SVM (Máquina de Vetor de Suporte), que é uma técnica baseada em aprendizado estatístico, utilizada para o reconhecimento de padrões em imagens. O SVM classifica a assimetria das lesões em simétrica ou assimétrica e a textura das lesões em lisa ou rugosa. Todas as informações referentes as características extraídas da lesão são passadas ao dermatologista com o intuito de auxiliá-lo no diagnóstico

Aging measurements on triple-GEM detectors operated with CF4-based gas mixtures

We present the results of a global irradiation test of full size triple-GEM detectors operated with CF 4 -based gas mixtures. This study has been performed in the framework of an R&D activity on detectors for the innermost region of the first muon station of the LHCb experiment. The prototypes have been irradiated at the Calliope facility of the ENEA-Casaccia with a high intensity 1.25 MeV γ 60 Co source. After the irradiation test the detectors performances have been measured with X-rays and with a 3 GeV pion beam at CERN. A SEM analysis on several samples of the detectors has been performed to complete the understanding of the physical processes occurring in a GEM detector during a strong irradiation

The CMS ECAL Barrel HV system

The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) comprises 75848 scintillating lead tungstate crystals. 61200 crystals are contained in the ECAL Barrel section and are read out by avalanche photodiode (APD) with internal gain of about 50. This gain is achieved with a high voltage (HV) of about 400 Volts. The gain stability requirement implies a supply voltage stable to within 0.01%. We describe our experience with the installed Barrel HV power supply system, which has been used for data taking since 2008

Surgical site infection after caesarean section. Space for post-discharge surveillance improvements and reliable comparisons

Surgical site infections (SSI) after caesarean section (CS) represent a substantial health system concern. Surveying SSI has been associated with a reduction in SSI incidence. We report the findings of three (2008, 2011 and 2013) regional active SSI surveillances after CS in community hospital of the Latium region determining the incidence of SSI. Each CS was surveyed for SSI occurrence by trained staff up to 30 post-operative days, and association of SSI with relevant characteristics was assessed using binomial logistic regression. A total of 3,685 CS were included in the study. A complete 30 day post-operation follow-up was achieved in over 94% of procedures. Overall 145 SSI were observed (3.9% cumulative incidence) of which 131 (90.3%) were superficial and 14 (9.7%) complex (deep or organ/space) SSI; overall 129 SSI (of which 89.9% superficial) were diagnosed post-discharge. Only higher NNIS score was significantly associated with SSI occurrence in the regression analysis. Our work provides the first regional data on CS-associated SSI incidence, highlighting the need for a post-discharge surveillance which should assure 30 days post-operation to not miss data on complex SSI, as well as being less labour intensive

Metal transfer to sediments, invertebrates and fish following waterborne exposure to silver nitrate or silver sulfide nanoparticles in an indoor stream mesocosm.

The fate of engineered nanomaterials in ecosystems is unclear. An aquatic stream mesocosm was explored the fate and bioaccumulation of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) compared to silver nitrate (AgNO3). The aims were to determine the total Ag in water, sediment and biota, and to evaluate the bioavailable fractions of silver in the sediment using a serial extraction method. The total Ag in the water column from a nominal daily dose of 10 μg L-1 of Ag for the AgNO3 or Ag2S NP treatments reached a plateau of around 13 and 12 μg L-1, respectively, by the end of the study. Similarly, the sediment of both Ag-treatments reached ~380 μg Ag kg-1, and with most of it being acid-extractable/labile. The biota accumulated 4-59 μg Ag g-1 dw, depending on the type of Ag-treatment and organism. The oligochaete worm, Lumbriculus variegatus, accumulated Ag from the Ag2S exposure over time, which was similar to the AgNO3 treatment by the end of the experiment. The planarian, Girardia tigrina, and the chironomid larva, Chironomus riparius, showed much higher Ag concentrations than the oligochaete worms; and with a clearer time-dependent statistically significant Ag accumulation relative to the untreated controls. For the pulmonated snail, Physa acuta, bioaccumulation of Ag from AgNO3 and Ag2S NP exposures was observed, but was lower from the nano treatment. The AgNO3 exposure caused appreciable Ag accumulation in the water flea, Daphnia magna, but accumulation was higher in the Ag2S NP treatment (reaching 59 μg g-1 dw). In the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, AgNO3, but not Ag2S NPs, caused total Ag concentrations to increase in the tissues. Overall, the study showed transfer of total Ag from the water column to the sediment, and Ag bioaccumulation in the biota, with Ag from Ag2S NP exposure generally being less bioavailable than that from AgNO3